How many countries are there in the world?

Not all sciences are exact, and that is precisely what happens when it comes to counting countries. Working out exactly what is and is not a country is no easy task. There are regions that enjoy full international recognition, while others do not. This geopolitical complexity means that the number of countries is bound to vary depending on the source consulted. In fact, it ranges from 193 to 215. In this article, we’ll try to shed some light on how many countries there are in the world. 

Maps of different cities.

What is a country? 

Before we get started with counting the countries, the essential first step is to define what we mean by a country. The 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States establishes that a state must meet four essential requirements:

1. Permanent population: The territory must have a stable population.
2. Defined territory: The state must have a clear territory with exact borders.
3. Government: The state must have its own government that exercises authority over the territory and the population.
4. Capacity to enter into relations with the other states: The state must be able to establish diplomatic relations with other states.

However, these criteria are not always strictly applied, resulting in debate and controversy over whether some territories are in fact states.

The countries of the world, according to the UN

The United Nations (UN) is a key reference point for addressing this issue. Since its creation in 1945, its membership has grown from 51 to 193, with South Sudan being the latest addition in 2011. Palestine and the Holy See have been added to this list as non-member observers, with a presence and voice, but without the right to vote in the General Assembly.

Although the UN counts 195 countries, geopolitics complicates matters. Some UN members do not recognise Palestine as a sovereign state, which reduces the number to 194 for many.

The number of countries sometimes increases to 200. Here’s why… 

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has expanded the list to 204 countries, a figure that could rise to 206 if North Korea and Guinea-Conakry are included. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) has 211 federations, while the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) has a higher number, of 215.

And what do agricultural and financial organisations say?

The international Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recognises 194 member countries, two associates and one member organisation (the European Union). The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is made up of 184 countries, while the International Labour Organization (ILO) has 187. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has 160 Member States, six associate members and two observers.

Image of a world map.

Countries that are in limbo

So, what about Kosovo, Gibraltar, Taiwan and Western Sahara? These territories are in a geopolitical limbo, with limited or no international recognition. Their inclusion on the list of countries depends on the definition adopted and the perspective of each organisation.

So, now you know, there is no exact or generally accepted number of countries in the world. Although we can be clear that the number is never 300 or more. Did you enjoy this article from our translation agency? Share it!